Process of completely opening or disintegrating grains and legumes.



F. BRAUNBEGK.

PROCESS OF COMPLETELY OPENING OB. DISINTEGRATING GRAINS AND LEGUMES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 31, 1906. I

7 1,011,730. Patented Dec.12, 1911.

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PROCESS COMPLETELY OPENING- OB DISINTEGRL'IIING GRAINS AND LllGms.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec. 12, 1911.

' Application fled Kay 31, 1908. Serial No. 519,509.

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Be it known that I, Fn'mnmcn BBAUN- BECK, a subject of the King of Wu'rttemberg, residing at Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire, have inventednew and useful Improvements in Processes. of Completely Opening or Disintegrating Grainsand Legumes, of which the following isa specification. y Accordin to the processes heretofore em ployed to isintegrate grains and legumes, the disintegration of the fruit was only car-' ried to a certain point but not completed. The reason for thisis that the cells in the cooking or steaming process were only swollen butnot destroyed. Attempts have also been made. to disintegrate grain and the like by again roasting or baking the flour obtained from partially disintegrated grain and by then again reducingthis' roduct to flour. No process however has eretofore been used, according to which the grain is first cooked to a pulp, which isthen' completely disintegrated. by being passed between hot rollers, so that the flakes falling from the rollers yield a perfectly disintegrated flour. A so perfectly disintegrated flour is not yet on the market.

The present process diflers from all those hitherto employed, more or less by the fact that a pulp is formed by so boiling and crushing the grain or legumes that the cells are completely destroyed. This pulp, which is nearly completely disintegrated, is fed between hot rollers arrangedvery close together. Said rollers are highly heated and complete the disintegrating process. The product leaves the rollers in the form of perfectly disintegrated flakes, which are then reduced to flour in'a milling process, a completely disintegrated flour being obtained, which swells and immediately absorbs a great quantity of water when brought into contact therewith. With this flour, puddings, etc., can be more quickly prepared than heretofore, which, is of great importance for military and also. for general purposes.

In carrying out the present invention grain, such as rye, wheat, barley, oats, rice, maize, etc., or legumes, such as peas, beans,

lentils, etc., are subjected to a steaming and cooking process of such intensity that the 'formof the cells is entirely destroyed. This steaming and cooking process is preferably carried out in the presence of water, and stirring or crushing agents may be simultaneously emploved,m order to convert the grain tirely, and, in any'case, more than in the older'methods, disintegrated. This pulp is into a pulp. In this mass the fruit is alm'osten- 7 then fed direct from the boilin pots between rollers which are arran close together and heated to 100-200 remove both the liquidin the fruit and that introduced by the steaming and cooking form of extremely fine flakes, which are then reduced to flour. J This flour is entirely disintegrated and has properties not heretofore attained. I v

Proc%ses are known, in which vegetable products are dried on hot rollers. The presin order to process; By'the rollers the pulp is driedin Q I i a thin layer in a very short'time, in a fraction'of a minute and is scraped off in the cut process however does not relate only to the drying, but to the productionof a perfectly opened or disintegrated dry flour.

.For this purpose the grain or other fruit must be first converted into a pulp by boiling orsteaming, which pulp is then very quickly led over highly heated rotating rollers or drums, on which it is dried in a few. seconds in order to obtain not only a" perfectly dry flour but also to perfectly disintegrate or open, in other words, to destroy, the structure of the cells of the vegetable product, as is not done according to any other process either by boiling or steaming alone or under pressure or by drying on slowly rotating not so highly heated rollers.

By completely destroying the cell form,

according to the resent invention, and by forming a pulp, t e fruit is almost entirely disintegrated, which was not the case with the processes heretofore known. Especially by them immediately removing the water and further drying the pulp by highly heated rollers arranged close together, a product is obtained in the form of flakes which in view of the special properties brought forth by the process, may be said to be entirely disintegrated. Thetreatment the rollers is therefore to be regarded as the completion of the disintegrating process.

flour is done in any known manner.

Compared with heretofore existing processes the present invention has the advantage of increased simplicity, because the separate steps follow each other immediately. It. has further the advantage that The subsequent reduction-of the flakes to the fruit is disintegrated to a degree not heretofore attained.

An. apparatus which can be employed for carrying out the invention is shown in the accompanyingjdrawing, whcrein-- Figure 1 is a sectional view, and Fig. 2 a plan view of the a paratus.

Referring to the rawing a is a receiver in which the rain or the l1ke is steamed or cooked until it is reduced to a pulp, and b and 0 rolls which are heated by steam admitto the rolls from the receiver and adheres to the same in the form of thin layers which are removed by the scrapers e and fall into the receptacle 1. A

There is a known process of opening pumpkins and sweet-potatoes with steam, to then mix them with material containing starch, and to carry the resulting'pulp over rolls heated with steam in order to produce a-dry powder. the starch cells are not opened previous to the passage of the pulp over the heated rolls, but on the contrary, such opening of the starch cells shall only take place with the drying of the paste consisting of a mixture of unopened pumpkin flour and.unopened starch bodies upon the rolls heated by steam. The consequence of this is that such a thin paste does not yield a completely opened powder, and if it should be attempted to open the starch kernels during the drying on the rolls, a powder would be produced which has sulfered through the prolonged influence of the temperature of the rolls, that is, the powder will become brown and contains dextrin. According to applicants process, however, the cells of the materials containing starch are burst previous to the drying thereof by the rolls because of the heating of the starch pulp to a high temperature and in some cases, under pressure. The present process, therefore, renders it possible to dry the pulp in In such process, however,

a ve short time and in fact a subsequent comp ete openin is not required. Such a rapid 6. mg, owever, can be effected through te use of a relatively high temperature (120 to 200 C.) and it has been found that by using such a tem erature, only a few seconds ex osure is sui cient to convert the layer of t in paste into a dry powder.

What I claim and desire to secure by Let- .ters Patent of the United States is: ted thereto by pipes d. The pulp is delivered 1. The herein described process of producing a dry flour fro'm grains and legumes which consists in heating the same in'the presence of moisture to a temperature and for a period of time suflicient to open the starch cells thereof and form a paste, and then immediately subjecting such paste in the form of a thin film to the action ofheat at a temperature ranging between 120 and 200 C. for a momentary period just suflicient to completely disinte rate the cell structure of the material formlng the paste and to dry the paste.

2. The herein described process of producing a dry flour from grains and legumes which consists in boiling the ains or legumes in water or steam untll' the. starch cells of the same are burst open and form a paste, next passing the paste in the form of a thin film very quickly between closely arranged revolving rollers heated to a temperature ranging between 120 and 200 C., and then immediately removing the resulting material from such rollers after the paste has been in contact therewith for a period just suflicient to convert the film of paste into a dry substance.

In witness whereof Ihave hereunto signed my name this 14th day of May in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FRIEDRICH ,BRAUNBECK.

Witnesses:

' HENRY HASPER,

WOLDEMAR HAUPT. 

